Emergency Paediatric Surgical Cases
Intussusception
Intussusception is a condition where a segment of the intestine folds into another, leading to obstruction and potentially reduced blood flow. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and “currant jelly” stools. It’s more common in children and diagnosed through imaging like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment may involve a non-surgical enema or surgery if complications occur. Early treatment is crucial to prevent serious issues.
Acute Appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, commonly caused by a blockage or infection. Symptoms include sudden abdominal pain, often starting near the navel and moving to the lower right abdomen, along with nausea, vomiting, and fever. Diagnosis is made through physical exams and imaging. Treatment typically involves an appendectomy, either laparoscopically or through open surgery. Prompt intervention is crucial to avoid complications like perforation.
Meckels Diverticulum
Meckel’s diverticulum is a congenital pouch on the small intestine, resulting from incomplete closure of the omphalomesenteric duct. It is usually located about 2 feet from the ileocecal valve. While many individuals are asymptomatic, it can cause complications like bleeding, obstruction, or inflammation. Diagnosis often involves imaging, and treatment may require surgical removal if symptoms or complications occur.
Band Obstruction
Band obstruction occurs when fibrous tissue bands create adhesions in the abdomen, leading to intestinal constriction and blockage. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis is typically through imaging like X-rays or CT scans. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the adhesions and relieve the obstruction, with early intervention important to prevent complications.
Trauma
Emergency pediatric surgical trauma cases involve urgent surgical care for children with traumatic injuries, such as fractures or abdominal trauma. Rapid assessment and stabilization are essential to prevent complications. Common procedures include laparotomy for internal injuries and fracture repair. Timely intervention by a specialized pediatric surgical team is crucial for optimal outcomes.