Paediatric Urology

Hypospadias

Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. It can cause urination difficulties and penile curvature. The severity varies based on the location of the opening. Diagnosis is made at birth, and treatment typically involves surgical correction during infancy or early childhood to reposition the urethra and improve function.

Epispadias

Epispadias is a rare congenital condition where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis instead of at the tip. It can cause urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. In females, it may affect the clitoris and urethra. Diagnosis typically occurs at birth, and treatment usually involves surgical correction to reposition the urethra and address complications. Early intervention is crucial for the best outcomes.

Pelvi Urteric Junction

The pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) is where the renal pelvis meets the ureter. It can be a site of obstruction due to congenital narrowing or external compression, leading to symptoms like flank pain and urinary tract infections. Diagnosis is often via ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment may involve surgery to relieve the obstruction and restore urine flow, with early detection crucial to prevent kidney damage.